On Monday night, the California state assembly voted, 72-0, in favor of a bill that could make it possible for college athletes in the state to make money from their names, images, or likenesses.
The Fair Pay To Play Act, first proposed by state Senator Nancy Skinner, is potentially the biggest, most consequential domino to fall in a decades-long battle between the NCAA and advocates who want to see college athletes receive more compensation for all of the money they help generate. The bill isn’t yet a law and a lot may change before it goes into effect, but it’s far enough along to start sorting through the implications of what this bill might mean for college athletes and what is coming next. Here’s a simple guide to get you up to speed:
Who would be paying California’s college athletes?
The bill does not suggest schools should be responsible for giving any more money to their athletes than they already do. Nor does it guarantee that every student-athlete would be able to make more. It provides an opportunity for them to profit by selling the use of their name, image or likeness (NIL) to outside bidders.
Athletes currently are required to sign away the rights to use their own NIL to make money when they start playing a college sport. This bill would make it illegal for colleges to take away a player’s scholarship or eligibility as punishment for accepting endorsements. So, in the future, a star quarterback at USC might be able to sign an apparel deal with Nike or star in a McDonald’s commercial. The bill also allows for things like a Stanford swimmer advertising that she is teaching swimming lessons or an entertaining athlete to collect advertising revenue for starring on his own YouTube channel.
When could they start to cash in?
The bill, if passed, will not go into effect until January 1, 2023. That means virtually no college athletes currently on campus would be able to take advantage of the proposed law as it’s currently written.
How does the NCAA feel about all this?
It’s not a big fan. The NCAA, and its member schools in California, have opposed the bill publicly and in behind-closed-doors lobbying sessions. NCAA President Mark Emmert wrote a letter to California lawmakers in June asking them for more time to consider possible changes to its current policies regarding NIL rights. The letter also said the proposed law might make it impossible for the NCAA to allow California schools to participate in national championships because they would be playing with rules that are different than every other college in the country. Lawmakers interpreted Emmert’s letter as a threat.
Are California schools going to be kicked out of the NCAA?
If the bill is passed and the NCAA doesn’t change its rules before 2023, there could be a standoff between California and the NCAA that would likely be decided in court. In that scenario, California’s laws would make it illegal for schools in the state to follow NCAA rules.
However, politicians and athletic directors in California both think it’s unlikely that the conflict will ever reach that point. There are several other dominoes that could fall in the next three years that would impact the future of the NCAA’s NIL rules.
What are some of those possible changes?
The NCAA has assembled a group of university presidents, conference commissioners and athletic directors to study the possibility of adjusting its rules to fit better with the modern market demand for college athletes. That group, which is schedule to report its conclusion some time in October, said any changes in how players can make money would have to remain tied to education in some way.
Skinner and the other sponsors of the bill are hoping that this is a first step for national change. They believe other states will see the recruiting advantage this proposed law would give California schools and adjust their laws to compete. Washington, Colorado, Maryland and North Carolina have already started exploring similar options.
There is also a federal proposal that would have a similar effect nationwide. Rep. Mark Walker, R-N.C., has suggested changing the tax code in a way that would force the NCAA to choose between giving athletes their NIL rights back or losing its tax-exempt non-profit status.
Who is Nancy Skinner and why does she care about paying college athletes?
Skinner is a state senator representing a district that includes Berkeley — the home of the Cal Golden Bears. While a graduate student at Cal, Skinner was part of an effort to organize graduate assistant teachers to ask for better benefits. She also attended lectures led by Dr. Harry Edwards, an outspoken advocate for black athletes who has long considered the NCAA’s amateur rules a method of exploitation.
Skinner says she sees her bill as a way to correct a civil rights issue and unfair labor practices that affect all college athletes regardless of their race. Skinner co-wrote the bill with fellow Senator Steven Bradford and with the help of several economist and activists who have been working on this issue for nearly 20 years.
Who else cares about this?
The bill has received support from some high-profile people in the world of both sports and politics recently. LeBron James shared his support in a tweet last week. Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders echoed James’ message shortly thereafter.
Everyone is California- call your politicians and tell them to support SB 206! This law is a GAME CHANGER. College athletes can responsibly get paid for what they do and the billions they create.
— LeBron James (@KingJames) September 5, 2019
College athletes are workers. Pay them. https://t.co/PNEefTbS2O
— Bernie Sanders (@BernieSanders) September 6, 2019
What happens next?
The bill now goes back to the California Senate. The Senate passed an earlier version of the bill (with a 31-5 vote) in May, but has to give its approval again because the bill was amended on its way through the assembly. If the Senate passes the bill, it will go to Governor Gavin Newsom, who has 30 days to decide if he will sign it into law.